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Overview

Painful urination? Constant urge to go? Nitrofurantoin is the go-to antibiotic for cystitis, working directly in the bladder to clear infection fast.
Trusted by doctors across the UK, it provides quick relief while preventing the infection from spreading further.


What is Nitrofurantoin 


Cystitis (urinary tract infection) is painful, disruptive, and often doesn’t go away on its own. Nitrofurantoin is the first-choice antibiotic for uncomplicated cystitis, recommended by NICE.

What makes it different? Unlike many antibiotics, nitrofurantoin is concentrated in the urine - meaning it fights the infection exactly where it starts, in the bladder. Most people begin to feel relief within 24-48 hours, with symptoms like burning and urgency easing quickly.

When taken as prescribed, nitrofurantoin not only clears infection but also prevents it from travelling up to the kidneys, where it can become much more serious.

Directions

  • Take as prescribed by your clinician - usually twice daily with food.
  • Always finish the full course, even if symptoms improve sooner.
  • Drink plenty of water to help your body flush out bacteria.

Side Effects

Most people tolerate nitrofurantoin well, and side effects are usually mild and short-lived.

Common (may affect up to 1 in 10 people):

  • Mild nausea or stomach upset (taking with food helps)
  • Headache
  • Diarrhoea


Less common (may affect up to 1 in 100 people):

  • Dizziness or drowsiness
  • Loss of appetite
  • Mild skin rash


Rare but serious (seek urgent help):

  • Severe breathing difficulties or chest pain
  • Yellowing of the skin/eyes (possible liver issue)
  • Numbness or tingling in hands/feet


Disclaimer: This is not a complete list of side effects. Always read the patient information leaflet for full details. If you notice anything unusual or concerning, stop taking the medicine and seek medical advice promptly. In an emergency, call 999 or go to A&E.

Warnings

Nitrofurantoin is generally safe and well tolerated, but it may not be suitable for everyone. Always let your prescriber know about your full medical history before starting treatment.

  • Kidney problems - This medicine relies on the kidneys to work effectively. It should not be used in people with severe kidney disease.
  • Lung and liver conditions - Rarely, nitrofurantoin can affect the lungs or liver, particularly with long-term use. Tell your prescriber if you have ever had lung disease, liver problems, or unexplained breathlessness.
  • Allergies - Do not take nitrofurantoin if you are allergic to it, or if you’ve had reactions to similar antibiotics in the past.
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding - Nitrofurantoin is often safe during pregnancy, but it is usually avoided close to delivery. Always follow your prescriber’s advice.
  • Other medicines - Some medicines can reduce its effectiveness, including certain antacids and gout treatments (probenecid or sulfinpyrazone). Always mention any medicines you are taking during your consultation.
  • Urine colour changes - You may notice your urine turning dark yellow or brown. This is harmless and expected while taking nitrofurantoin.