Vaginal Thrush

Overview

Vaginal thrush is a common yeast infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans. It isn’t a sexually transmitted infection, but it can cause significant discomfort, often flaring up after antibiotics, during pregnancy, or when the body’s natural balance is disrupted.

Though uncomfortable, vaginal thrush is usually harmless and responds well to antifungal treatment. With the right medicine, most women notice improvement within a few days.

Symptoms

The most common signs of vaginal thrush include:

• Itching or soreness around the vagina and vulva
• Thick, white discharge resembling cottage cheese (usually odourless)
• Redness, swelling, or irritation of the vulva
• Stinging or burning when urinating or during sex

Symptoms can range from mild to severe, and many women experience thrush more than once in their lives.

Diagnosis

Thrush is usually diagnosed based on symptoms and medical history. Many women recognise the signs from past experience.

If symptoms are unclear, persist despite treatment, or are unusual (e.g. discharge with a strong smell or pelvic pain), further investigation may be needed to rule out other conditions such as bacterial vaginosis or STIs.

Treatments

Thrush is easily treated with antifungal medicines, available in several forms:

• Oral capsules (Fluconazole) – a single-dose tablet that works systemically to clear infection.
• Vaginal pessaries (Clotrimazole/Canesten) – inserted directly into the vagina to target infection at the source.
• Antifungal creams – used externally to relieve itching and soreness around the vulva.

Many women use a combi treatment (pessary or capsule plus cream) for both internal and external relief. Most people notice improvement in 2–3 days, with full resolution within a week.

Prevention

Thrush often recurs, but some lifestyle steps may help reduce flare-ups:

• Wear breathable cotton underwear and avoid tight-fitting clothing.
• Avoid scented soaps, bubble baths, and vaginal deodorants.
• Change out of wet swimwear or gym clothes promptly.
• Manage blood sugar levels if you have diabetes.
• Use antibiotics only when necessary and as prescribed.

Misconceptions

“Thrush is an STI.”
No — thrush is not a sexually transmitted infection, though sex can sometimes trigger symptoms.

“Only women get thrush.”
Thrush is more common in women, but men can also develop yeast infections, especially around the genitals.

“It always needs treatment.”
Mild cases may clear on their own, but most women need antifungal medicine for fast, reliable relief.

“If it comes back, something is seriously wrong.”
Not usually. Recurrent thrush is common and often linked to triggers like antibiotics, hormones, or lifestyle factors.